The system has a yard fire department connection in the front of the building that serves the entire building. In McClure Engineering’s first storm shelter design, we provided a single underground fire water service line with a post indicator valve routed to the building into the storm shelter equipment room, where it feeds two zones: one feeding the storm shelter and the other back below grade to the balance of the building – classroom and administrative areas. In my opinion, none of the publications provide clear fabrication, construction details, or guidance on how to properly and best protect roof-mounted MEP systems and MEP penetrations through the structure. It’s a good practice to review the updates, consult with the local authorities having jurisdiction (AHJ), and possibly use the most recent version. If your municipality still enforces the 2009 IBC, then it references ASCE 7-2005. This is the referenced standard in the IBC-2018. ASCE 7-2016, “Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures.” Changes in the wind provisions from the 2010 edition to the 2016 edition significantly increased component and cladding pressures and changed roof loads for low-slope roofs. NFPA 1616-2017, “Standard for Mass Evacuation, Sheltering, and Re-entry ” and.National Concrete Masonry Association TEK 05-14, “Concrete Masonry Tornado Safe Rooms ”.FEMA Comprehensive Preparedness Guide (CPG) 101, Version 2.0, November 2010, “Developing and Maintaining Emergency Operations Plans ”.FEMA P-424, December 2010, “Design Guide for Improving School Safety in Earthquakes, Floods, and High Winds.”.FEMA P-361, Third Edition, March 2015, “Safe Rooms for Tornadoes and Hurricanes, Guidance for Community and Residential Safe Rooms.”.The ICC 500-2014, “ICC/NSSA Standard for the Design and Construction of Storm Shelters,” is published jointly by the International Code Council and the National Storm Shelter Association.Here are a few publications to reference when designing storm shelters. I am sure more components will be tested, and manufacturers will be advertising their compliance in the near future. UL and Intertek offer testing of storm shelters and components, but I have not found listings or test results for MEP trade components. Texas Tech University is no longer offering debris impact testing services for standards compliance. Components used, including louvers, curbs, anchors, supports, etc., should be tested and rated for these wind and impact forces. Design forces include requirements for tie-downs to the foundation and adequate foundation sizing to resist the design overturning and uplifting forces. Corresponding walls and roofs must withstand impact from a 15 pound (6.8 kg) wooden 2x4, propelled at 100 mph (161 km/h) and 67 mph (108 km/h), respectively. Designing for these conditions requires much thought and involves forces from all directions. Hurricanes generate wind speeds from 74 mph (119.1 Km/h) to more than 150 mph (241.4 km/h), while tornadoes generate wind speeds to more than 250 mph (402 km/h). Wind speeds in ICC-500 are much higher than wind speeds in ASCE-7 or the International Building Code. So, are we designing these shelters correctly? Are we using best practices? Where do we find information on details of the MEP design? For the purpose of this article, I will only consider facilities designed to code, so the terms are not differentiated, and the design and construction of every facility should follow the code as best as it can be interpreted. Some state codes, like Indiana’s, define “storm shelter,” “safe room,” and “best available tornado refuge area” as different entities. Storm shelters are required at all 911 call stations emergency operation centers and fire, rescue, ambulance, and police stations as well as educational occupancies through grade 12 with occupant loads of 50 or greater. Storms and storm shelters aren’t new, but including storm shelters as part of education facility design and construction is new to our industry as our country, states, and/or municipalities adopt the latest building codes. Or should I even be using latex or vinyl gloves for an absolute best practices approach? I must patiently and carefully separate the filters without licking my fingers to keep my fellow employees happy and healthy. I don’t believe my fellow employees would appreciate this approach. When making coffee at the office, can I lick my fingers to help separate the filters, like I do at home? No.
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